The Mobile Phone Essay Example For Students

The Mobile Phone Essay Since the beginning of time, man has been inventing things; demand for technology is sky high and what the public wants, the public gets. Nothing, however, can compare with the sudden boost of the 21st centurys best invention yet, the mobile phone. Communication has taken on a new meaning, and currently you cannot take a stroll down a typical street in Europeand not see one. Mobile Phones have taken the world by a storm and their rising popularity has impacted the planet tremendously ( http://www.coursework.info). According to the U.N, 400 million mobile phones are in use globally, and 250,000 more are added to the list each day (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/470027.stm). How could one tiny communication source make such a difference? Why are these technical handsets so significant that they are owned by millions and millions around the world? We will write a custom essay on The Mobile Phone specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Years and years ago, communication over short distances was accomplished with the help of tribal drums and smoke. Over time, civilization must have gotten tired of all those long hazy conversations, and a horse and carriage system was born to deliver messages here and there. History came a long, long way, but eventually, communication through wires was introduced. For this we can give credit to Claude Chappe who invented the telegraph in 1792, and then Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, the first man to develop the communication of voices through wires. Communication History took its turning point, when in 1894 in Italy; a hopeful scientist Gulielmo Marconi created an invention called Wireless. This was where he tapped out a message in Morse code, and a bell rung on the other side of the room. From then on, scientists began to further investigate in this concept. Soon enough in 1935, an American scientist invented the first FM radio. This was all scientists needed to spring into action. Eleven years later, people were already beginning to communicate in moving vehicles and 37 years after that, the first call on the first Cellular Phone of the history was made in the year 1983. The word Cell in Cell Phone was created because in order for the system to work, cities would need to have been divided into cells, thus increasing the amount of frequency waves in the air so numerous people would be able to speak on the phone at the same time. This concept was first discovered and developed by Motorola, the first Mobile Phone Company in history. The success of the industry is displayed by the chief of the statistical compendia branch of the Commerce Dept., who states that the cell phone industry has shown remarkable growth over the decade, its doubled over the last three years alone. It is clear that cell phones are here to stay. From the simple plain model to the high-tech, picture-taking, video-recording, internet models, it is almost impossible not to have one in a demanding lifestyle. A couple years ago on my visit to England, I was literally shocked to find two girls my age that had cell phones; needless to say, in a matter of two, three years I happened to own one myself, including almost everyone I was surrounded by! The original purpose of mobile phones is obviously being diminished. They are now weaving themselves into the fabric of society, becoming fashion statements and now necessities rather than luxuries. Because of the colored fascias, aerials, covers, logos and ring-tones used today to accessorize the cell phone; its no big surprise that children at the age of 8 are demanding the new Ericsson PF768 from Santa, or that Nokia 8810 for their coming birthday. To validate this conjecture, recently, the internationally famous childrens animation corporation Walt Disney had released a new line of Mobile fascias in the market. These were criticized due to encouraging young children to such conceptions, especially when there were so many complications involved. These days, like the car you drive, the apparel you wear, and the size of your office, mobile phones are symbols of power and importance. A mobile, up on the pretentious social scale, alerts people that you are busy, 3310 3330 Personality Facias Groovy chick, drama queen, shopoholicdo these describe anyone you know? have personality, and a decent job. For many teenagers, a mobile phone symbolizes freedom. This is the purpose for which great deals of adolescents (ages 13-18) have mobile phones. Parents are much more comfortable with liberating their kids knowing that they will be able to contact them anywhere, anytime. The mobile phone is said to be included in each individual teens personality kit. In fact, it is almost like teens with mobiles are developing their own culture, from their own abbreviated SMS language, to the way your type of phone implies your social status. It is interesting, as teenagers seem to have enough of partition from adults without mobiles! .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3 , .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3 .postImageUrl , .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3 , .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3:hover , .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3:visited , .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3:active { border:0!important; } .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3:active , .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3 .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u85a73e51ad7f37f267798057c949f2b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Importance Of Communication EssayIt is said that all over the world, within about 10 years mobile phones are predicted to outnumber traditional landlines. In many countries, inclusive of both rich and poor, already have this situation proceeding. Even Africa, the poorest continent in the world is in on the game. In Rwanda, cellular phones occupy over 58% of the market, while in Cambodia, the figures are even higher! The cell phone corporations boast up to 72% of all subscriptions. Both Rwanda and Cambodia did not have such extensive fixed lines in the first place, so it wasnt too costly and was not a matter of refurbishing either. Cambodia, facing war has its own personal reasons as well. Apparently it is much easier and safer to arrange and set up cellular antennas across the terrain swamped with land-mines. In other developing countries that face natural disasters and such, Mobile phones are definitely practical. For example, Mozambique suffered intense and sudden flooding in the year 2000. In order to find rescue aids and temporary security, they had to call relief urgently for the citizens that were made homeless. For the people of Gujarat, San Francisco, and El Salvador that undergo earthquakes, cell phones are needed desperately as well. Mobile phones do not only do that, but they encourage a step towards the improvement of the economy in Developing countries. It is possible that things may finally begin to take its toll in these countries. Earlier this year I was hiking in the Ngorongoro, breathing in the sweet swell of nature and trying to feel in tune with the Maasai way of roughing it. I was flabbergasted to find that when we were at the top of a mountain, the three Masaais that were guiding us whipped out their cell phones to see if they had any reception! This proves that the Mobile phone concept as being a necessity has even touched the lives of Maasai in the wilderness. In EMDCs (Economically More Developed Countries), cellular phones, along with the Internet, are becoming the nations prime communication sources. The business world revolves around these techniques to obtain what they want, when they want. Mobile phones are a large part of the market as well; companys such as Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola, Siemens, etc have created several jobs for people. Because Developed countries do have the money, their willingness to spend on luxurious conveniences such as this is not too surprising. In Addition to all the accessories and such, of course! Admittedly, Mobile Phones are an extremely costly necessity. If it werent, the vogue would be spreading around the world at a much quicker rate than it already is. Setting up the cellular systems in ELDCs (Economically Less Developed Countries) is pricey enough, and then the added cost of antennas and the constant upkeep. This would not be a Developing countrys primary concern when half of its countrys people are possibly starving. Buying a mobile phone is also expensive. In addition, buying credit or having prepaid programs are highly costly as well. Citizens in these countries, particularly the more rurally living ones, would not be too eager to try a new gadget either. If, of course getting reception in these parts were possible. This is a disadvantage of cell phones; there may not always be signal where you want it. An aspect to think about in such countries would be culture. Certain African culture may not be as accepting as a person who has been living in New York all their life. This particular mentality may be due to specific ideology that believes in standing by natural resources and acquiring what God gave us. A rising problem occurring because of mobile phones is an increase in crime. Recent figures have shown stolen mobiles make up for about 50% of the robberies all over London. There were 700,000 mobiles stolen last year according to police records. The reason cell phones are so sought after by thieves is that they are easily sold in the black market for a good sum of cash. This, of course is in developed countries, so can you imagine how it must be in developing countries? Another disadvantage of mobile phones is the number of driving accidents. New research indicates that driving while on the mobile increases the risk of an accident. In Britain, at least 12 road deaths have been linked to cell phones. The reckless driving of uneducated and amateur drivers in ELDCs must cause worse results in this aspect. .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440 , .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440 .postImageUrl , .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440 , .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440:hover , .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440:visited , .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440:active { border:0!important; } .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440:active , .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440 .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua890d57f218e8d4e422b92fc4e4f4440:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Diary of anne frank EssayMedical Hazards of Mobile Phones One of the most recent and hazardous discoveries that scientists have made about the cellular phone use is that it is potentially dangerous to the human being. Complaints have been made for unexplained headaches, ear and eye sight problems, feelings of nausea or dizziness, a tingling sensation on the skin and a numbness or redness to the face and neck (http://autoworx.freeyellow.com/report.html). People complained mainly of a burning dull feeling on the side of the head where they have been using their mobile phone. Apparently it tends to last several minutes after they made their call and may last for hours. Along with these indications, they may get feelings of nausea, instability in their vision and sometimes other symptoms. Scientists say that mobile phones may be linked to memory loss and even cancer due to the microwaves emitted. Although there are many theories towards this, there is no evidence. Some scientists claim that with one thousandth of a microwave oven, your brain cannot be cooked so there is a large chance these notions could be false. Scientists have also done animal studies that have brought up argument against the possibility of cancer. However, this is a fairly contemporary discovery, and until we can prove anything, we should not jump to conclusions. The Cellular Phone is now so intertwined into Society, that if it were obliterated, it would result in an immense crash. People would not know how to adapt their lifestyle into having no cell phones. In fact, the way society works has even evolved because of this tiny device. It is quite nerve-wrecking to think that so much of the world depends on this technical gadget. Even though there are so many disadvantages to having cell phones in this world, there are clearly many more benefits. Cancer is something that we may need to think and worry about in the future. However, the way humanity in general has been taught is to take things as they come; and thats most likely what theyll do. First it was the internet. Now its mobile phonesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ What next? What will be the next discovery to revolutionize society? Bibliography  · http://www.coursework.info/e/page.cgi?page=view;link=29611;d=1;U=nkanabar;s=f419868b613b0e7e4145801bfa3f415b  · http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/470027.stm  · http://www.coursework.info/e/page.cgi?page=view;link=818;d=1;U=nkanabar;s=f419868b613b0e7e4145801bfa3f415b  · http://www.hut.fi/Yksikot/YTK/julkaisu/mobile.html  · http://www.telenor.no/fou/program/nomadiske/articles/05.pdf  · http://socio.ch/mobile/index_mobile.htm  · http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~kfoster/COST259.htm  · http://autoworx.freeyellow.com/report.html

Free Essays on Brown Vs. The Board of Education

In assessing Brown vs. the Board of Education, there is often mention of its â€Å"failed promise†. There is concern as to how successful the Supreme Court ruling to desegregate public schools has actually been. In some ways, the decision has been a vehicle for social equality. It has opened the doors for the women’s movement, the gay rights movement, and movements towards an end to the oppression of many minority groups. It has abolished laws that permit segregation and apartheid. Brown vs. the Board of Education has not been able to fully abolish the behavioral practices of Americans. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, we have seen an abundance of court cases still defining the regulations of a desegregated society. In the 1974 decision of Milliken vs. Bradley, a school desegregation remedy was denied. Milliken II, in 1977, attempted to negotiate that separate schools would become equal through programming. However, in 1995, the Jenkins decision stated that â€Å"rapid restoration of state and local authority was much more important than efforts to assure that educational remedies produced actual gains for minority children†. In a statement given less than three months ago, current President George W. Bush stated, â€Å"even though progress has been made, there is still more to do†. Schools continue to exist in this nation that practice segregation. Racial imbalances are attributed to demographics, socio-economic status, and housing patterns. While the 1954 decision of Brown vs. the Board of Education was an achievement that brought promise, nearly 50 years later, the equality that it hoped for is still being sought.... Free Essays on Brown Vs. The Board of Education Free Essays on Brown Vs. The Board of Education In assessing Brown vs. the Board of Education, there is often mention of its â€Å"failed promise†. There is concern as to how successful the Supreme Court ruling to desegregate public schools has actually been. In some ways, the decision has been a vehicle for social equality. It has opened the doors for the women’s movement, the gay rights movement, and movements towards an end to the oppression of many minority groups. It has abolished laws that permit segregation and apartheid. Brown vs. the Board of Education has not been able to fully abolish the behavioral practices of Americans. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, we have seen an abundance of court cases still defining the regulations of a desegregated society. In the 1974 decision of Milliken vs. Bradley, a school desegregation remedy was denied. Milliken II, in 1977, attempted to negotiate that separate schools would become equal through programming. However, in 1995, the Jenkins decision stated that â€Å"rapid restoration of state and local authority was much more important than efforts to assure that educational remedies produced actual gains for minority children†. In a statement given less than three months ago, current President George W. Bush stated, â€Å"even though progress has been made, there is still more to do†. Schools continue to exist in this nation that practice segregation. Racial imbalances are attributed to demographics, socio-economic status, and housing patterns. While the 1954 decision of Brown vs. the Board of Education was an achievement that brought promise, nearly 50 years later, the equality that it hoped for is still being sought....

How Buddhism Integrated to the Chinese Society Essay

How Buddhism Integrated to the Chinese Society - Essay Example Buddhism succeeded to integrate to the Chinese society through its branched meditative practices, ethical practices, and theories of psychological, philosophical, and cosmological trends. In addition, Buddhism appealed to the Chinese people through its prospect of the release of frustration, the full development of human potential, with a personal relationship with an intangible and ultimate spiritual reality ("Buddhist Principles, Customs and Manners"). Hence, analytically speaking, the Chinese people accepted Buddhism with its teachings, which come from Siddhartha Gautama (the "awake"), and considered the historical Buddha. The life of the Buddha is rich in legends describing miracles and divine apparitions. But only 300 years after his death it began to be known by text, along with his teachings, with the Emperor Ashoka that the promotion throughout its area and sends missions abroad (Background to Buddhism: A history of Buddhism"). One of the paths through which Buddhism reaches the Chinese people is related to the essence of the Buddha, who is not regarded as a god or even as a divine messenger. It is the symbol of a principle, a thing which cannot be achieved but we must try to sketch by definitions ("Buddhist Principles, Customs and Manners"). ... However, modern Buddhism does not believe in reincarnation in a strict sense, but uses this concept in the form of parable ("Buddhism: What Buddhism is"). This parable says that a person is sentenced to die and return to Earth on the number of times it will take until it has reached the spiritual level necessary to escape from earthly life. Each time he dies he will be reincarnated in a different shape. These suites of reincarnations symbolize what Chinese people are experiencing in their lives ("Buddhist Principles, Customs and Manners"). Thus, according to the Buddhist theory of incarnation, if we drive someone brutal to satisfy our needs, we are reborn into an animal. In a spiritual work, we can kill these horrible things that we are born again and become once more, in a better form (â€Å"Background to Buddhism: A history of Buddhism"). Hence, these spiritual beliefs that are related to the theory of incarnation helped Buddhism to be integrated to the Chinese society. Moreover, for the Chinese people, what seemed appealing in Buddhism is the concept of "Dharma". It is the idea that the universe has meaning and humans have a role to play. There is only one dharma, by definition the same for everyone. Each religion is a light on the nature of Dharma, it teaches men how they should behave. A religion like Buddhism, for the Chinese, bases its teaching on the absolute. This religion teaches that the soul of the dead will live forever ("Buddhism: What Buddhism is"). It gives a specific instruction. It therefore resembles in many points of view other Chinese principles and religions derived from the Bible. What is unique about Buddhism, from the Chinese point of view is that it teaches that nothing is absolute

High school graduation speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

High school graduation speech - Essay Example The failure of the reconciliation attempts through compromises of 1820 and 1850 only emphasized the vulnerability of the situation. With the battle for economic supremacy between the north and the south not reaching any resolve, the war had to eventually break in 1860. The country had managed to achieve reconciliation in the Missouri statehood crisis, the Philadelphia Convention, and the tariff cries of 1828, 1832 and 1850. However, the failure to reach a compromise is 1860 was based on the difference of with the other situations. For instance, the concerns of the entire nation on the Revolutionary War, Congress funding and the nation’s bankruptcy caused the whole nation to compromise and pull together. However, the events leading to the Civil War were not going to lead to any meaningful compromise among the parties. According to Woodman (2009), compromise was unattainable in 1860 because the possible measures would mean the Union losing more in the compromise than the Confederate State of America and vice versa.For instance, the South felt that the abolishment of slavery would negatively impact on their booming cotton business. This move would significantly reduce their economic superiority.The North had received an influx of immigrants from Europe who could offer labor at reduced wages thus no need for slaves. The moral conflict between these regions was interpreted by the South as an attempt by the North to affect is plantation production. The reason why a compromise was reached in the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 was the common cry for liberty across the nation. The Missouri statehood crisis was resolved by ensuring that each party got what they wanted.The ‘one slave, one free’ rule ensured that a balance was maintained and the South and North were equally satisfied. However, the lack of commonalities between the North and South meant that none was willing to reach a compromise.Despite

External and Internal Environmental Analysis Assignment

External and Internal Environmental Analysis - Assignment Example Davivienda which is renowned Colombian Bank and the bank is part of Bolivar Corporate Group, was established as mortgage and savings Corporation in the year 1972. In the next 30 years, the Columbian bank had diversified its business credit card portfolio and retail banking services (Davivienda, 2010). In 2002, the bank has established partnership with IFC in order to form Titularizadora de Colombia which is a securitization arm of the bank. In the last 10 years, Davivienda acquired financial institutions like Bansuperior, Confinanciera and Bancafà © along with its subsidiaries in order to become third largest financial institution in Columbia. At present, Davivienda has more than 21.5% market share in the credit cards portfolio (Davivienda, 2010) Davivienda has tried to implement technology up gradation such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) etc in order to speed up the process flow. However, still the bank lags behind global financial giants in order to ensure security of customer accounts. However, as the domestic savings in the country has decreased after economic recession hence demand for credit card has decreased slightly in Columbia in recent years. Colombian banking industry has been dominated by four major players Bogotà ¡, Davivienda, Bbva and Bancolombia and these four players contribute more than 50% of the financial sector of the country. However, Davivienda has reached third position in terms of credit balances while the bank is ranked as no. 1 in the field of agricultural banking. System side is showing overall picture of the banking industry in Colombia while the left hand side is depicting the business portfolio of Davivienda. According to the comparison, Davivienda focuses more on consumer loans in comparison to competitors and that is the reason why Davivienda is ranked second in terms of consumer loan segment in the country. Till

Types and Stages of Observational Learning and Memory

Types and Stages of Observational Learning and Memory Jurgita Kairiukstiene This  essay will address aspects of psychology by exploring different types and stages of Observational learning and Memory. A Observational Learning Learning is define as the process of acquiring knowledge through experience which leads to a lasting change in behaviour (Huczynski Buchanan (2013), p.154) There are two different types of learning Observational and Associative learning. The concept of observational learning was developed by Albert Bandura (1977, 1986 2000) to exclude trial-and-error method in learning. To compere both learnings, Associative learning is more tedious and more hazardous than Observational learning. Observes by observing may develop new behaviour and may have impact to previously learned behaviour. Learning by Observation contains four stages and processes: Attention. Observers can only learn if they pay attention to a mentor or teacher. For example dancing classes. Attendants must observe and pay attention to teacher to learn how to dance. Retention. Observers must memorise information and store in to memory. In order to take next step must recall what was memorised before. For example learn how to use computer programs. Reproduction. Observes must replicate another behaviour. But there is a limitation factor of physical abilities. Example may be that humans cant fly. Reinforcement. Observers will go through different stages and will be motivated to learn. According to Banduras (e.g. 1977) Social learning theory, experiment on children by letting them watch television and later motivate aggressive behaviour. This study has important implications for the effects of media violence on children. (http://www.simplypsychology.org/bobo-doll.html 24/02/2017, 15:31) Memory is the faculty of the mind by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved (Atkinson Shiffrin, 1968). Memory is the process of maintaining information over time. (Matlin, 2005) There is three Memory stages: Encode: Visual (picture), Acoustic (sound), Semantic (meaning) Store: Short-term memory or Long -term memory Retrieve: context-dependent (similar situation) or state-dependent (similar emotional state) (Diagram 1 source: https://www.psychestudy.com/cognitive/memory/stages 24/02/2017 22:44) Different Memory types: (Diagram 2 source: http://www.human-memory.net/types.html 24/02/2017, 17:30) Sensory memory. Very short, if its not passed to Short-term memory its lost. For example the memory of sound/picture/word is held for a second only. Interference may prevent of memory recall. Sensory memory can be Iconic or Echoic. Short-term/working memory is a step to a Long -term memory. It holds small amount of information up to seven (+-2) units at once by a limited time, encodes information. By repeating an information we can hold it in the working memory. For example to memorise phone number we repeat it several times. But also it can be easily forgotten. People surroundings and environment have an influence on working memory. Long-term memory is more complicated. It holds information for a long time or for life-span and have unlimited capacity. There is three long-term memory systems: Episodic (e.g. experience, specific events like 5th birthday party), Semantic (facts, concepts, e.g. knowing that birds can fly) Procedural (e.g. skills, how to walk). Procedural is subcategory of Implicit memory (unconscious) and it uses past experience (e.g. musicians, in language development). Episodic and Semantic are subset of Declarative memory, which is a subset of Explicit memory (conscious) and it holds facts and events that can be stored and consciously recalled(e.g. Learning to swim) In conclusion, Learning without Memory does not exist.      Ã‚   References Atkinson, R. C., Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In The psychology of learning and motivation: II Oxford, England: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60422-3 David A. Buchanan, Andrzej A. Huczynski. Organizational behaviour. 8th edition. Harlow, England Pearson (2013) p.154. Matlin, M. W. (2005). Cognition. Crawfordsville: John Wiley Sons, Inc. http://www.simplypsychology.org/bobo-doll.html 24/02/2017, 15:31 Diagram 1 source: https://www.psychestudy.com/cognitive/memory/stages 24/02/2017 22:44 Diagram 2 source: http://www.human-memory.net/types.html 24/02/2017 17:30

The Basics of Economics :: Economics

Economics is the study and understanding of the economy or the system of government and people that deals with money and financial things. Because the government officials did not understand my report about the economic reforms that are supposed to help stimulate the economy, I have decided to teach them about few concepts about the economy and how it works and how they can benefit from me and use these concepts to make wise and good decisions to stimulate the economy. The first thing I decided to teach the government officials about is economic freedom. People highly care about their economic freedom, thus, the government needs to give the consumers or people some freedom. People want to make their economic choices; their job or occupation, what they are going to do with their money, what to produce and how to produce it. Another important concept concerning the people is economic equity; people greatly value equality. Treating people fairly without discriminating between them is an important rule. Thus, discriminating on the basis of age, sex, race, religion, or disability is illegal. An example for economic equity would be minimal wage; the lowest legal wage that can be paid to a worker. People who are not very rich get affected dramatically by inflation; therefore, people prefer to have price stability. Price stability is important because inflation can damage a lot of business and people, discouraging them to get in business and this lead the people to poverty and hating the government and doing riots and strikes. Inflation can also at the end result in increasing the percent of unemployment. Full employments is when most of the society or nearly all of it are employed or have jobs, people wish for this but it will never properly be implemented. Competition is the result of having freedom in an economic system. Competition is the opposite of the monopoly; competition is when the sellers struggle to attract the buyers or consumers. Competition exists because the individual entrepreneurs have the freedom to choose their products. Competition benefits both the seller and the buyer. Many people recognize scarcity and they want to know how to deal with it. People know that if the resources are wasted then the number of products will decrease and thus efficiency in economic decisions is a definite thing. The government must be efficient in solving the people's problems. People hope for the economic growth to increase because everyone wants to have a luxurious and enjoyable life.